Lava liquid embolic agents are made up of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and have been utilized in the endovascular treatment of AVMs. The unique feature of Lava that sets it apart from other embolic agents is its ability to penetrate deeper into the AVM nidus, or central core, and form a firm cast around the vessels, effectively blocking blood flow. This feature makes Lava an attractive option for AVM treatment, as it can reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage or rupture and may eventually result in complete obliteration of the malformation. Besides, LAVA Liquid Embolic System is available in three product formulations, LAVA-12, LAVA-18 and LAVA‐34. LAVA‐12 is recommended when feeding distal microvessels and through small feeders. LAVA‐18 is recommended when feeding pedicle injections will be conducted close to the nidus. LAVA‐34 is recommended for embolizing higher flow and larger fistulous components.

The newest clinical trial showed that 105 enrolled cases (53cases in the test group and 52 cases in the control group) were successfully embolized and withdrawn smoothly, and the embolization success rate was 100%. Doctors assessed the efficacy and safety of Lava in treating AVMs. Overall, the complete obliteration rate was observed in 100% of cases, with no cases of mortality or serious permanent neurological deficits reported. While these results are promising, it is important to note that AVM treatment requires a comprehensive approach that may incorporate various modalities, depending on the patient's specific condition.